Failure to achieve the expected goals and consequences in the social society turns the issue of seeking the law and evasion of the law into a complex social issue influenced by legal and historical. In this article, the tension between religious order and international law with regard to the application of religious sovereignty through the supervisory body of the Guardian Council and by using Weber's theory of religion and rights, it was determined to what extent the political system can resolve this tension with the right of protection. Shariah supervision has been agreed upon. The findings show that there is a serious conflict between the rule of Sharia and modern laws in international law, on the one hand, the issue of the priority of government rulings over Sharia rulings has been a pretext for the expedient application of domestic and international laws, and on the other hand, the number of international treaties that despite There are not a few contradictions of the Shari'ah that have been approved according to the needs of the day,As a result, the function of Sharia supervision of the Guardian Council as an institution that legitimizes laws cannot be seen as effective, because this institution has caused the politicization of social and cultural rights by interfering with religious considerations on laws instead of benefiting from collective wisdom.

Determination of trophic status is one of the methods for assessing ecological balance of wetland ecosystems, because sustainability and productivity based on these unique ecosystems require proper monitoring and control of their environmental conditions. Therefore, biological and ecological studies are necessary before any activity is established. Tanudar Wetland with an area of 1000 hectares is one of the largest wetlands of Lorestan Province, 10 km northwest of Dorood. In this study, physical and chemical characteristics of Tondar wetland sampling were used to evaluate the nutritional status of Carlson (TSI) based on total phosphate (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus to nitrogen (PN) Sampling of Tanudar wetland was used in summer of 2019. The results showed that based on the Carlson Trophic Index (TSI), trophic wetland Tanudar level is in eutrophic conditions. wetland Tanudar to its location, natural conditions and hydrological conditions, the is mainly drained from the highlands of Silakhor plain and tira River Dorood, Therefore, any upstream loading such as orchard development, diversified recreational harvests in the river, increased levels of dark river water pollution caused by municipal, industrial wastewater, and point source pollution sources such as warm-water fish ponds have crossed the Tanudar wetland. And it wound deeper on the current unstable body. Therefore, in the current conditions, the quantitative and qualitative provision of the wetland ecological right of the wetland is one of the most obvious requirements and management issues of the wetland.

Passive defense is a set of unarmed measures to increase deterrence, reduce vulnerability, continue essential activities, promote national stability, and facilitate crisis management in the face of enemy threats and military action. The purpose of this study was to investigate the design requirements of Dorud city docking station from the perspective of passive defense and defense. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the means of collecting and processing information were referring to libraries, reputable journals, banks and data centers. Construction of sign and communication buildings, passive defense considerations in the overhead power supply network of the railway, passive defense considerations against cyber threats, consideration of passive defense considerations in the protection of bridges, consideration of the construction of appropriate defensive space considerations Predicting dual-purpose shelter (in crisis situations and with the ability to operate under normal conditions), observing passive defense considerations in designing non-structural facades, predicting a belt line in designing railway stations, observing passive defense considerations in designing station structures, etc. The design indicators of Dorud city docking station are passive from the point of view of defense.

The identification of areas appropriate for the sustainable growth and development of touristic activities is among the main topics of tourism planning. With its positioning between a mountainous area and a plain, Dorud city enjoys topographic diversity and numerous natural attractions that need proper management and appropriate planning in order to attain the objectives of the sustainable development of tourism. Aiming at the examination of the potential of this area for recreational-sport trekking ecotourism, the study at hand set out to assess the ecologic power of this area using multi-criteria evaluation method. This study was applied-developmental in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of research framework. Since the identification and evaluation of tourism potentials is a multi-criteria decision-making question, five main criteria groups – including physical, ecologic, infrastructural-bodily, safety, and economic-social criteria groups – and 25 secondary criteria for the recreational-sport trekking tourism were developed. The weighted linear combination was used to integrate the criteria. Then, the final map for ecotourism activity in the region was drawn in three spaces with low, mid, and high capability. The results of the final desirability map showed that 6. 9 percent of the area has high potential for recreational-sport trekking. Moreover, the results of TOPSIS revealed that Qarun and Oshtorankuh mountains are the first and second top ranking mountains for recreational-sport trekking, respectively. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the appropriate areas for recreational-sport trekking, which can function as a guide for tourists, managers, and planners to make decisions and administer developmental policies in the light of environmental and socioeconomic approaches and considerations.

He current research is an attempt to analyze the different structural, semantic and pragmatic dimensions of "questioning" in trial discourse. The basic questions that can be raised in this regard are: what question forms does the interrogator use in the discourse? And what pragmatic criteria make the choice of one question form superior to another? The data of the present research is taken from cross-examination of the witness in the criminal and civil courts and prosecutor's office of Doroud city. We have used a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyze the data. In the quantitative dimension, we measured the types of question forms, and in the qualitative dimension, the types of pragmatic strategies were considered, and in this regard, we mainly used the opinions and methodology of Woodbury (1984) and Gibbons (2003). The findings show that the interrogator (including prosecutor, investigator and judge) uses different types of questions such as broad and narrow wh-questions, declaratives, tags, yes/no, yes/no negative and alternatives in their interaction with the audience. Each of the questions can specifically interrogate people and their identity, and for this reason, they are placed in the category of person-targeted strategies or those that challenge the statements and propositions raised, and in this case, they are called idea-targeted questions. The results of the data analysis indicate that a wide range of pragmatic strategies such as reformulation, repetition, contrast, presupposition, distortion of modality, etc. are used in court discourse. Introduction The current research is an attempt to analyze the different structural, semantic, and pragmatic dimensions of "questioning" in trial discourse. The basic questions raised in this regard are: what question forms does the interrogator use in the discourse? And what pragmatic criteria make the choice of one question form superior to another? The data of the present research is taken from cross-examination of the witness in the criminal and civil courts and prosecutor's office of Doroud city. We have applied a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyze the data. In the quantitative dimension, we measured the types of question forms, and in the qualitative dimension, the types of pragmatic strategies were considered, and in this regard, we mainly used the opinions and methodology of Woodbury (1984) and Gibbons (2003). Questions are categorized in terms of structure and meaning, and they can be placed in five categories of Wh-questions, yes/no questions, alternatives, tags, and declarative questions (Biber et al., 1999). Wh-questions are also divided into broad and narrow categories (Woodbury, 1984). Gibbons (2003) explores the types of pragmatic strategies that each participant in judicial discourse uses during questioning and answering. The desired strategies are placed in a general division into two categories, person-targeted and idea-targeted. The first strategy refers to methods that question the character and identity of people, and the second category targets their opinions and statements. Materials and Methods The present article is part of a research that studies "the role of questions in judicial discourse" in three contexts of criminal, family, and civil courts of Dorud city. The overall corpus contains about 100 thousand words collected in the period from 10/12/1401 to 03/20/1402 from different courts. Then we tagged the data according to research objective-question forms-using Python software (3. 10. 11). In order to maintain the balance of the corpus, we tried to extract equal number of words from each context as possible. 4963 words are related to the criminal context and 5160 words are related to the legal context. In order to examine the data, we have mainly used quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the quantitative dimension, we have analyzed the types of question types and in the qualitative dimension, we have explained and described the types of verbal strategies in judicial discourse. In order to protect people's privacy, all information such as first and last name, names of specific places and any information that determines the identity of people in some way has been removed. Discussion and Conclusion The findings show that the interrogator (including prosecutor, investigator and judge) uses different types of questions such as broad and narrow wh-questions, declaratives, tags, yes/no, yes/no negative and alternatives in their interaction with the lay participants. Figure 1 shows the distribution diagram of the types of question forms in the corpus: Figure 1. Distribution of question forms in witness interrogation in criminal and civil courts Each of the mentioned types also has its own pragmatics effect and that is the degree of control and limitation of the desired answer. As a result, from this point of view, it can be assumed that there is a continuum of the degree of control of different types of questions, which may change depending on the context. In addition to the structural aspects and components related to the type of question, each participant in the interrogation discourse uses strategies to achieve their goals. Regarding the discourse of the interrogation and specifically the interrogation of the witness, the findings indicate that the interrogator can implement the type of questions depending on the goal he is pursuing in the form of strategies that can either express doubts about the personal competence of the witness or directly contradict his statements. In addition to interrogating the witness, as an active participant in the discourse, he can use strategies according to the situation he is in and the answer he wants. We introduced the types of pragmatic strategies used in the present corpus as follows: reformulation, repetition, contrast, presupposition, distortion of modality, etc. It is worth noting that although the interrogator as a participant with "power" has the most important tool of exercising dominance-question-in the discourse, but other participants can also achieve their goals in a limited way by using linguistics devices (such as lexicon choice and counter questioning) that have their own pragmatic effect. It should be noted that the types of strategies in the court discourse are not limited to those mentioned in the present study and it is obvious that more diverse and significant results can be obtained in other contexts and with the presence of other participants. In addition, some discourse markers that are specific to judicial and interrogation discourse have been left out due to lack of space, but they play a central role in the formation of said discourse (such as turn taking, interruption, interference, etc. ) and therefore other researches should be conducted to can cover different dimensions of judicial discourse.

Within the context of courtroom discourse, participants, ranging from legal professionals to lay individuals, strive to present their own narratives of events and establish the veracity of these narratives in their own minds. Consequently, courtroom discourse can be described as a "War of Narratives". In this struggle for narrative dominance, participants employ a range of discursive and interactive strategies, some of which are non-linguistic in nature and warrant investigation. One such strategy is the utilization of oaths, which serve as a persuasive tool aimed at influencing the audience. This study aimed to analyze the structural, semantic, and pragmatic dimensions of oaths in court discourse, employing both quantitative and qualitative approaches to examine the data. In the qualitative dimension, we explored the functions of different types of oaths within the framework of "cultural linguistics" (Sharifian, 2017), utilizing "cultural schemas". In the quantitative dimension, we employed statistical calculations to investigate the structure and frequency of various types of oaths. Examination of the data revealed that the most frequently used types of oaths were associated with the semantic domains of God (Allah) and the Quran (Word of God). Additionally, the presence of semantic diversity in the types of oaths employed could be attributed to the socio-cultural backgrounds of the participants. Furthermore, the analysis of various cultural schemas of swearing in court discourse confirmed identification of at least five discursive functions, namely self-defense, claim substantiation, slander, threat or warning, and request. Introduction Within the context of courtroom discourse, participants, ranging from legal professionals to lay individuals, strive to present their own narratives of events and establish the veracity of these narratives in their own minds. Consequently, the courtroom discourse can be characterized as a "War of Narratives". In this struggle for narrative dominance, participants employ a range of discursive and interactive strategies, some of which are non-linguistic in nature and warrant further investigation. One such strategy is the use of oaths, which serve as a persuasive tool aimed at influencing the audience. This study aimed to analyze the structural, semantic, and pragmatic dimensions of oaths in court discourse, employing both quantitative and qualitative approaches to examine the data. In the qualitative dimension, we explored the functions of different types of oaths within the framework of "cultural linguistics" (Sharifian, 2017), employin "cultural schemas". In the quantitative dimension, we employed statistical analyses to investigate the structure and frequency of various types of oaths. When examining the linguistic phenomenon of swearing, particularly as it pertained to our research topic, two major approaches could be identified in the existing research projects. The first approach prevalent in studies conducted within Western societies and languages examined the use of sacred words, such as the names of God and Christ, within the context of offensive language. The second approach rooted in studies conducted within religious societies, primarily Islamic countries, viewed the use of holy names as an act of commitment, whereby speakers incorporated religious phrases or words with sacred significance to pledge their adherence to or avoidance of a specific action, whether verbal or non-verbal. In this study, we adopted the second approach. Although the use of swearing in court discourse could be examined from the perspectives of both lay and professional participants, the primary focus of this research was to analyze the utilization of oaths by lay individuals. References to its usage by legal professionals were also considered. Based on this premise, the present study aimed to address the following questions: What cultural pragmatic schemas are expressed through the use of oaths in court discourse? What structures and themes are prevalent in oaths used in court discourse? Additionally, what is the frequency of their usage by participants in different court settings (civil, criminal, and family courts)? Methods The data corpus comprised a total of 96,373 words collected from various criminal (investigation and judicial), civil, and family courts, as well as the prosecutor's office of Dorud City in Lorestan Province. The data collection period spanned from January 2nd, 2023 to June 10th, 2023. Subsequently, the data were tagged using Python software (version 3.10.11) based on predetermined criteria. An excerpt of the tagging process is illustrated in Example 1: (1) مبلغ چقدر بوده؟ دویست تومن بوده. In Example 1, each speaking turn of the participants is treated as an utterance, which may consist of varying numbers of sentences. Additional indicators included file numbers, question types, participant types, and their genders. After annotating the corpus data, all types of oaths were extracted from the corpus separately for each part. General information of corpus can also be seen in table (1): Table 1. The ratio of utterances in corpus Types of courts Total number of cases Total number of utterances civil 34 3042 family 26 2455 criminal 50 3134 total 110 8631 The subjects of the cases in the corpus, within the legal context, often included fraud, forgery, and similar offenses. In the criminal context, the cases typically involved assault, insult, obscenity, robbery, and theft. In the family context, the primary subject was divorce. It is important to note that, in order to protect the privacy of individuals, all personal information-such as names, surnames, the names of specific places, and any other details that could identify individuals-have been changed and are presented in an abbreviated form. Results Analysis of the collected data revealed that the participants employed swearing as a communication strategy to express various verbal actions. Oaths can be regarded as persuasive tools with distinct pragmatic effects. The structure of oaths encompassed diverse themes and topics with the most frequent occurrence being oaths made in the name of God (Allah) and the Qur'an (the word of God). This observation could be attributed to the court discourse, as the legal system in Iranian courts was founded on Islamic laws derived from the Qur'an. Consequently, it was plausible to infer that the individuals, while having this presupposition in mind, endeavored to substantiate and validate their statements. From a pragmatic standpoint, while swearing served multiple purposes in legal discourse, this study identified 5 culturally applicable schemas: self-defending, asserting claims, slandering, threatening/warning, and requesting. Statistical analysis confirmed that women employed swear words with an average frequency of 0.002 (usage rate of 43%), while men used them with an average frequency of 0.003 (usage rate of 57%) in their speech. This finding contradicted the apparent result reported by Sarabi (2014), which posited that women use swearing more frequently than men. Of course, it is worth noting that such contradictions could be observed in various research studies. It is possible to speculate that women, who are often less present in judicial environments and therefore less familiar with such discourses, perceive themselves to be in a comparatively weaker position than men, leading to their reduced use of oaths. Nonetheless, verifying this claim necessitates examining the usage of swearing in diverse contexts. Another noteworthy finding from the data analysis was the identification of certain themes or sub-themes utilized in the structure of oaths by the participants, which were unfamiliar to the researchers as native speakers. This observation underscored the importance of adopting a socio-cultural approach in research. More specifically, the findings indicated that even within the same culture- namely, Lorestan Region- the themes employed in oath constructions could vary among individuals. These variations not only reflected religious beliefs, but also signified distinctive cultural and ethnic characteristics. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct studies employing both intra-cultural and inter-cultural approaches to explore the conceptualization of different types of oath constructions. Furthermore, there is a need for separate investigations into the content of swearing in the speech of women and men, as the usage of oaths can reflect diverse communication strategies and abilities. Conclusion Examination of the data revealed that the most frequently used types of oaths were associated with the semantic domains of God (Allah) and the Quran (Word of God). Additionally, the presence of semantic diversity in the types of oaths employed could be attributed to the socio-cultural backgrounds of the participants. Furthermore, the analysis of various cultural schemas of swearing in court discourse confirmed identification of at least 5 discursive functions: self-defense, claim substantiation, slander, threat or warning, and request. Ethical Considerations Not applicable Funding Not applicable Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The development of small-scale agricultural processing industries (SAI) can play an effective role in reducing waste and returning the added value of agricultural products to the local community and pave the way for poverty alleviation and agricultural development and, consequently, rural development. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the development of SAI in Dorud county using survey method. The main tool of data collection was a questionnaire. Data collection method was documentary study and interview and the main population studied was gardeners. To analyze data, in addition to dispersion and centrality statistics, coefficient of variation and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The results of this study showed that the components of the development of SAI can be divided into five main factors. These components include: legal-supportive factors, such as informing users of existing support policies and programs, as well as informing them about legal regulations and requirements. Technical-infrastructural factors, such as improving access to roads and infrastructure and means of transportation. Individual-motivational factors, such as the motivation and interest of the beneficiaries to set up SAIs and the desire of family members to participate. Social factors such as the possibility of attracting women and girls to participate in SAIs, and economic factors such as existing demand for products of SAIs. These factors have a great impact on the development of SAIs in Dorud county.

Aims Elderly people with low levels of health literacy, as one of the most at-risk groups, have some problems regarding the perception of information related to their health. This study was conducted with the aim of determining health literacy status in elderly population of Dorood, Iran. Materials & Methods This cross sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 220 elderly people referring to health centers in Dorood in 2017. The sampling method was first stratified random sampling. To collect information, the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) was used as self-report. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software, using Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Findings The mean age of participants in this study was 66. 29 ± 7. 57 years. The results of this study showed that the mean of health literacy score in the subjects was56. 45± 19. 9 from 100 and the health literacy of 57. 2% of the elderly was insufficient. This study showed that there is a significant relationship between health literacy with age, education level and income (p<0. 05). Conclusion The health literacy of elderlies is low in Dorood and the level of inadequate health literacy is less common in people with older ages, lower education, and lower income levels.